Abiy Ahmed Ali (born 15 August 1976) is the 4th Prime Minister of Ethiopia, in office since April 2018, and the first Oromo to hold the position in the country’s modern history. He rose to power amid mass protests demanding political reform, quickly positioning himself as a transformative figure who promised national reconciliation, political liberalization, and economic renewal. His early tenure drew global acclaim, culminating in the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize for ending the two-decade-long hostility between Ethiopia and Eritrea. Abiy’s leadership, however, has become deeply contested. From 2020 to 2022, Ethiopia was engulfed in the Tigray War, one of Africa’s most destructive conflicts in recent history, involving federal forces, Eritrean troops, and regional militias. The war, along with ongoing unrest in Oromia and other regions, has complicated Abiy’s reformist image and raised serious human-rights and governance concerns. At the same time, he continues to promote his governing philosophy of “Medemer” (synergy) and pursue high-profile initiatives such as the Green Legacy Initiative, positioning himself as both a unifier and a centralizing leader in a fractured state.