Hassan Sheikh Mohamud (born 29 November 1955) is the 10th President of Somalia, serving since 23 May 2022, and previously held the presidency from 2012 to 2017, making him the first Somali leader elected to the office twice. An academic, civic activist and co-founder of SIMAD University in Mogadishu, Mohamud entered politics in the early 2010s and was first elected president in September 2012 by the Federal Parliament. After losing the 2017 election, he returned to national leadership in 2022 as the candidate of the Union for Peace and Development Party. During his second presidency, Mohamud has prioritised a multi-front strategy to strengthen Somalia’s institutions and security. His agenda focuses on an intensified military campaign against Al-Shabaab, efforts to finalise a long-delayed constitutional review, and achieving broad economic stability, including securing full debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative, a significant milestone that reduces Somalia’s external debt and aids economic reform. Despite these efforts, the country continues to face serious challenges from insurgency, political gridlock and structural economic vulnerabilities.