Abdel Fattah Saeed Hussein Khalil el-Sisi, born 19 November 1954, is the 8th President of Egypt, serving since June 2014. A career military officer, he rose through the ranks of the Egyptian Armed Forces to become Director of Military Intelligence and later Minister of Defense. In July 2013, amid widespread public protests against the rule of President Mohamed Morsi, el-Sisi announced Morsi’s removal from office — a turning point that reshaped Egypt’s political trajectory. His ascent to the presidency followed a period of military-backed transitional governance, during which he framed himself as a stabilizing force capable of restoring national order. As president, el-Sisi has pursued an ambitious developmental agenda emphasizing mega-infrastructure projects, national modernization and state-led economic restructuring. Signature undertakings include the New Administrative Capital, the Suez Canal expansion, an extensive national road network, new cities, and large-scale energy projects. However, his tenure has also been defined by unprecedented crackdowns on political dissent, the erosion of civic freedoms, and the consolidation of a heavily securitized state. Egypt simultaneously faces a deep economic crisis, marked by high inflation, significant public debt and currency devaluations — placing el-Sisi at the center of a complex legacy balancing large-scale state-building with intense domestic political repression.