Tundu Antiphas Mughwai Lissu (born 1968) is a Tanzanian lawyer, fierce human rights defender, and the Chairman of CHADEMA, the country's primary opposition party. In a seismic political shift in January 2025, Lissu defeated the long-serving Freeman Mbowe in internal party elections to take the helm of CHADEMA. Renowned globally for surviving a politically motivated assassination attempt in 2017—where he was shot 16 times in Dodoma—he spent years in exile in Belgium before returning in 2023 under President Samia's short-lived amnesty. As Chairman, Lissu adopted an uncompromising, confrontational approach against the CCM establishment. As the 2025 general elections approached, his massive rallies terrified the ruling party. In April 2025, the government launched a brutal crackdown; Lissu was arrested in Mbinga, transported over 1,000 kilometers in the dead of night, and charged with treason (a non-bailable offense carrying the death penalty). Consequently, CHADEMA was barred from the October 2025 elections. Today, he remains Tanzania's most famous political prisoner, a symbol of resistance against democratic erosion.