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The 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry recognises groundbreaking work on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a development that could significantly impact Kenya's efforts in carbon capture and plastic waste management.
Three scientists, Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar M. Yaghi, were jointly awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry on Wednesday, October 8, 2025, for their pioneering work on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). This innovative class of materials offers potential solutions to some of the world's most pressing environmental issues, including climate change and plastic pollution, with significant implications for Kenya's sustainable development goals.
MOFs are porous, crystalline materials constructed from metal ions and organic molecules, forming structures with vast internal surface areas. This unique architecture allows them to capture and store specific substances, drive chemical reactions, or even conduct electricity.
For Kenya, a nation grappling with the impacts of climate change and increasing plastic waste, the advancements in MOF technology present a beacon of hope. The ability of MOFs to efficiently capture carbon dioxide (CO2) from industrial emissions and even directly from the air could be crucial in mitigating greenhouse gas effects. One gram of MOFs can have an internal surface area equivalent to 1.5 football pitches, providing ample space for CO2 adsorption.
Furthermore, MOFs show promise in tackling plastic pollution. Research indicates that MOFs can be used to break down polyester-based plastics into their component parts, offering a pathway for more effective recycling and reducing the environmental footprint of plastic waste. There is also a growing trend to prepare MOFs directly from plastic waste, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), transforming waste into valuable materials.
The journey to this Nobel recognition began with early work on coordination polymers. However, it was the separate, revolutionary discoveries made by Professor Kitagawa and Professor Yaghi between 1992 and 2003 that laid the firm foundation for MOFs. Kitagawa demonstrated that gases could flow in and out of these constructions and predicted their flexibility, while Yaghi created highly stable MOFs that could be rationally designed for new properties. Professor Robson's contributions in the early 1990s also involved producing the first MOFs and continuously exploring their diverse forms.
Professor Susumu Kitagawa, born in Kyoto, Japan, in 1951, earned his PhD from Kyoto University in 1979 and is currently a professor there. Professor Richard Robson, born in Glusburn, UK, in 1937, received his PhD from the University of Oxford in 1962 and has been a lecturer and researcher at the University of Melbourne, Australia, since 1966. Professor Omar M. Yaghi, born in Amman, Jordan, in 1965 to Palestinian refugees, obtained his PhD from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in 1990 and is now a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, USA.
The development of MOFs could influence public debate and policy execution in Kenya, particularly concerning environmental regulations and investments in green technologies. Stakeholders are urging clarity on the timelines for widespread adoption, associated costs, and necessary safeguards to ensure equitable and sustainable implementation. The potential for MOFs to enhance carbon capture technologies could support Kenya's commitments under international climate agreements, while their role in plastic degradation aligns with national efforts to combat pollution.
While the potential benefits are substantial, the widespread application of MOF technology in Kenya will require careful consideration of several factors. The cost of large-scale MOF production and implementation remains a key challenge. Additionally, the long-term environmental impacts of MOF deployment, particularly in diverse ecosystems, need thorough assessment. Ensuring equitable access to these technologies and preventing unintended consequences will be critical for Kenyan policymakers.
The coming years will likely see increased research into scaling up MOF production and reducing costs, making these materials more accessible for developing nations like Kenya. Further studies on the environmental safety and efficiency of MOFs in real-world applications, especially in diverse climatic conditions, will be crucial. The integration of MOF technology into existing industrial processes and waste management systems will also be a key area of focus.
