Prevention is often marketed as products and quick fixes. In reality, the most effective preventive measures are unglamorous, evidence-based, and consistent.

Large population studies show that a small set of behaviours accounts for a disproportionate reduction in disease risk.

Prevention with the strongest evidence

• Regular physical activity
• Blood pressure control
• Smoking cessation
• Vaccination and screening
• Consistent sleep

Why hype persists

Complex behaviour change is hard to sell. Supplements and gadgets promise shortcuts that biology does not support.

Bottom line: Prevention works best when it is boring, consistent, and sustained.