Older adults are more likely to take multiple medications — a situation known as polypharmacy. While medications save lives, unsafe combinations and inappropriate prescribing are a leading cause of hospitalisation and injury in the elderly.

Ageing alters how the body processes drugs. Reduced kidney and liver function change drug clearance, increasing the risk of side effects even at standard doses.

Common medication-related problems

• Dizziness and falls
• Confusion and memory problems
• Bleeding
• Kidney injury
• Drug interactions

Why polypharmacy happens

Multiple specialists, lack of medication review, and self-medication contribute. Over-the-counter drugs and herbal products add hidden risk.

How to reduce medication harm

• Annual medication reviews
• Clear documentation of all drugs and supplements
• Simplifying regimens where possible
• Monitoring for side effects after changes

Red flags that require urgent review

Sudden confusion, falls, or weakness after starting or changing medication should never be ignored.

Bottom line: Medication safety is preventive care. Regular review saves lives and preserves independence.