History was made—and patience tested—across Kenya today as the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) entered its most critical phase: the rollout of Senior School. Thousands of Grade 10 learners reported to their new institutions, marking the end of the 8-4-4 secondary school era and the beginning of the new three-tier pathways system.

The transition, however, was far from seamless. While top national schools like Alliance and Kenya High reported a smooth intake, many sub-county schools were grappling with incomplete infrastructure. In several institutions, contractors were still painting laboratory walls as students queued for admission.

Pathways to the Future

Under the new system, students are categorized into three pathways: Arts & Sports Science, Social Sciences, and STEM. "This is not just a change of name from Form One to Grade 10," Education CS Julius Ogamba told parents at Lenana School. "This is a change of destiny. We are no longer forcing fish to climb trees. Your child will specialize in what they are good at from age 15."

Despite the optimism, the ground reality is biting. Many parents expressed frustration over the "unclear" fee structures for the different pathways. "I have been asked to pay an extra Sh15,000 for STEM equipment," said Mary Atieno, a parent in Kisumu. "Is this a government school or a private college?"

Teething Problems

• Teacher Shortage: The Teachers Service Commission (TSC) admits a deficit of 15,000 teachers required for the specialized subjects. Many schools are relying on Board of Management (BOM) teachers to bridge the gap.
• Infrastructure Gap: A spot check reveals that while science labs are largely ready, the infrastructure for the "Arts and Sports" pathway—such as music studios and sports complexes—is virtually non-existent in 80% of rural schools.

The success of Grade 10 will define the legacy of the CBC. For now, the plane has taken off, but the runway is still being paved.