Strategic Modernisation to Address New Threats

President William Ruto has detailed a significant evolution in the strategy of the Kenya Defence Forces (KDF), emphasizing the adoption of advanced technology and training to counter emerging security threats. Speaking at the third graduation ceremony at the National Defence University-Kenya in Lanet, Nakuru County, on Friday, November 21, 2025, the President stated that the military is being strengthened with cutting-edge training, modern technology, including Artificial Intelligence, and advanced research to stay ahead of new dangers. This strategic pivot is designed to equip the armed forces to handle complex challenges with greater precision and confidence.

The Nature of Evolving Security Challenges

Kenya faces a multifaceted and dynamic threat landscape. A primary concern remains terrorism, particularly from Al-Shabaab militants operating along the porous Kenya-Somalia border. The use of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) by these groups continues to pose a significant danger to both civilians and security forces. In response, Kenya has been enhancing its counter-IED capabilities, supported by international partners like the United Kingdom, which recently provided a five-week specialized training course to KDF personnel. Beyond physical threats, the digital domain has become a critical battleground. The Communications Authority of Kenya (CA) reported a staggering 4.5 billion cyber threat events between April and June 2025, an 80.7% increase from the previous quarter. These threats include ransomware, Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks, and mobile application threats, targeting critical sectors like healthcare, finance, and government databases. This surge underscores the urgency of bolstering the nation's cyber defences, a priority President Ruto's administration has acknowledged.

KDF's Role in Regional Stability

The KDF's mission extends beyond Kenya's borders, playing a crucial role in regional security and stability, particularly in the Horn of Africa. The long-standing operation in Somalia aims to create a buffer zone against Al-Shabaab and restore order, which directly impacts Kenya's national security. The effectiveness of these operations has been a subject of continuous assessment, with parliamentary committees highlighting the need for equipment upgrades to meet UN standards for peacekeeping missions. In March 2025, the Departmental Committee on Defence, Intelligence and Foreign Relations noted a requirement of Sh5 billion to upgrade KDF equipment in Somalia. The KDF's involvement in regional peace efforts, including in the Democratic Republic of Congo, positions Kenya as a key exporter of security in a volatile neighbourhood.

Investments in Military Capability and Welfare

The government's strategy involves a holistic approach, coupling technological upgrades with investments in personnel welfare and training. President Ruto has consistently pledged to continue investing in defence modernization, which includes enhancing intelligence capabilities and fostering stronger partnerships with regional and international allies. This commitment is reflected in tangible acquisitions. The United States is set to deliver 16 helicopters and 150 M1117 Armored Security Vehicles to Kenya between late 2024 and mid-2025 to bolster security operations. South Korea has also committed to providing military equipment. Furthermore, the administration is focusing on improving the welfare of soldiers and their families through initiatives such as accelerated housing projects in military barracks and enhanced healthcare services. Speaking on KDF Day on October 14, 2025, the President emphasized that the true strength of the nation's defence lies in the courage and well-being of its soldiers. The establishment of institutions like the National Defence University-Kenya is central to this vision, aiming to cultivate strategic and critical thinking among officers to navigate the complexities of modern warfare and security challenges.