Falls are often dismissed as accidents. In geriatric medicine, they are treated as warning signs. A single fall can trigger a cascade of injury, fear, immobility, and loss of independence.

Globally, falls are among the leading causes of injury-related hospitalisation and death in older adults. Yet many are preventable.

Why falls become more dangerous with age

Age-related muscle loss, balance changes, vision impairment, slower reflexes, and medication side effects increase fall risk. Bone fragility further increases the likelihood of fractures.

Common contributors to falls

• Poor lighting and uneven surfaces
• Loose rugs and clutter
• Inappropriate footwear
• Dizziness from medications or dehydration
• Untreated vision or hearing problems

The psychological impact of falling

After a fall, many older adults restrict movement out of fear. This accelerates muscle loss and paradoxically increases future fall risk.

Prevention strategies that work

• Balance and strength training
• Medication review to reduce dizziness
• Home safety modifications
• Vision and hearing correction

When a fall requires urgent evaluation

Head injury, inability to stand, severe pain, or confusion after a fall requires immediate medical assessment.

Bottom line: Falls are not random. Prevention protects independence — and lives.