KNBS Defends Role in Combating Misinformation

The Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) is steadfast in its role as the primary source of official statistics, actively working to counter the spread of misinformation. This commitment aligns with global efforts to uphold data integrity, especially as the world observes World Statistics Day on Monday, October 20, 2025, under the theme "Driving Change with Quality Statistics and Data for Everyone."

David Gruen, the Chief Statistician of Australia, recently defended his country's statistical bureau against accusations of censorship after it publicly debunked far-right claims of "mass migration" based on misinterpretations of overseas arrivals figures. Gruen emphasised that independent statistical agencies are crucial for informed debate and sound policymaking, stating, "It degrades the democracy if the stats agency is not independent."

Historical Context of Data Manipulation and Misinformation

The manipulation of official data for political agendas is not a new phenomenon, with historical examples seen in countries like China and Russia. More recently, instances such as the sacking of America's labour statistics chief after claims of "rigged" jobs figures highlight the global vulnerability of statistical bodies to political pressure.

In Kenya, disinformation has significantly impacted foreign policy, shaped public opinion, and influenced decision-making processes. False narratives and manipulated information undermine the integrity and effectiveness of foreign policy initiatives. Disinformation campaigns have been observed during electoral periods in Kenya, where false narratives are employed to shape international perceptions and influence foreign actors.

Laws, Policy, and Governance in Kenya

The Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) was established by the Statistics Act of 2006, replacing the Central Bureau of Statistics. Its core mandate includes the collection, compilation, analysis, publication, and dissemination of statistical information for public use, and it also coordinates, monitors, and supervises the National Statistical System.

Kenya is actively developing National Guidelines of Practice to combat disinformation and hate speech, aiming to promote online information integrity while upholding constitutional freedoms. These guidelines, currently under expert review by the National Cohesion and Integration Commission (NCIC), are grounded in principles of human rights, transparency, accountability by tech companies, and continuous multi-stakeholder engagement. Additionally, the NCIC is reviewing the National Cohesion and Integration Act (2008) to address emerging challenges to national unity in the digital age.

Stakeholders and Testimonies

Various stakeholders in Kenya are actively engaged in combating misinformation. Fact-checking organisations such as Africa Check, Fumbua Trust, and PesaCheck are working to spotlight misinformation on platforms like WhatsApp and Facebook. However, a significant challenge remains, as a 2018 report by Portland Africa revealed that in 10 elections across the African continent between 2017 and 2018, bots were increasingly prevalent in attempting to sway public opinion and/or fuel negative sentiment.

A recent diplomatic incident involving Kenyan President William Ruto's claim of 250,000 job opportunities in Germany, which was swiftly contradicted by the German Interior Ministry, underscored the impact of misinformation on public trust and government credibility.

Evidence and Data

Risks and Implications

The proliferation of misinformation and disinformation poses significant risks to Kenya's democratic institutions, public trust, and social cohesion. It can undermine democratic processes, incite violence, and hinder peacebuilding initiatives. During divisive periods like elections, social media has been weaponised by both foreign and domestic actors to shape public opinion and influence political decisions.

The government's use of social media to push narratives, sometimes through paid influencers and tactics like sock puppet accounts and astroturfing, further complicates the information landscape. This can create a parallel narrative that downplays economic hardships and discredits critics, including independent media.

Unknowns and Controversies

While efforts are underway to combat disinformation, the effectiveness of current regulations and the balance between curbing harmful content and protecting freedom of expression remain subjects of ongoing debate. Law enforcement agencies have, at times, expanded the definition of "fake news" to include criticism of the government, raising concerns about potential censorship and suppression of dissent.

The 2019 census results in Wajir, Mandera, and Garissa counties were cancelled by a court ruling, presenting the KNBS with the daunting task of conducting a repeat census within a year – a process that typically takes four years to plan and execute. This highlights the complexities and potential for controversy surrounding official data collection.

Timeline and Next Steps

World Statistics Day is celebrated every five years on October 20. The 2025 observance, themed "Driving Change with Quality Statistics and Data for Everyone," underscores the ongoing importance of reliable data. The KNBS continues its mandate to provide accurate statistical information for public use and decision-making.

What to Watch

Observers will be keenly watching the implementation of Kenya's National Guidelines of Practice on Disinformation and Hate Speech, and the ongoing review of the National Cohesion and Integration Act. The ability of these frameworks to effectively curb misinformation while safeguarding human rights and freedom of expression will be critical. Furthermore, the KNBS's efforts to address the court-ordered repeat census in parts of Northern Kenya will be a significant undertaking, with implications for resource allocation and data integrity.