Depression is often mistaken for sadness or weakness. In reality, it is a medical condition that changes how the brain processes emotion, motivation, sleep, and hope. Left untreated, it is one of the leading contributors to disability and suicide worldwide.

Unlike temporary sadness, depression persists for weeks or months and affects multiple areas of life. It alters how people think about themselves, their future, and their worth.

Core symptoms clinicians look for

• Persistent low mood or emptiness
• Loss of interest or pleasure
• Fatigue and low energy
• Sleep or appetite changes
• Difficulty concentrating
• Feelings of worthlessness or guilt

Why depression is often missed

Many people mask symptoms to function at work or home. Others present with physical complaints such as pain or digestive problems. Stigma further delays care.

Risk factors that increase vulnerability

• Chronic stress or trauma
• Medical illness
• Substance use
• Social isolation
• Family history of depression

Recovery is possible

Effective treatment combines psychotherapy, medication when indicated, social support, and lifestyle adjustments. Early intervention improves recovery and reduces relapse.

Bottom line: Depression distorts reality, but it is treatable. Compassionate care saves lives.